Designing Blast Hardened Structures

How Department Of Defense Research Protects People And Buildings

Designing Blast Hardened Structures For Military & Civilian Use - Free PDF Download Link

Page 53 ( scroll down the eBook for this article )

Centuries ago castles and moats addressed the need to keep a facility safe from an attacker. From those massive stone and wood structures, to the hardened reinforced concrete and sophisticated intrusion detection systems of the present, the principles of hardened structures have fundamentally remained the same: Identify the baseline threat and keep it at a safe distance, or create a structure as impervious as possible to that threat. Bruce Walton provides a broad, overall perspective on the problem of designing a hardened structure, and describes some of the techniques, fundamentals, and resources available.

Bruce A. Walton is a registered structural engineer with the US Army Corps of Engineers' Protective Design Center in Omaha, Nebraska. He is a member of the US Army Corps of Engineers' Urban Search and Rescue Team as a structural specialist. Mr. Walton is a retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, who has worked for the Protective Design Center since 1989. He has many years of experience in research and design with both the Air Force and Army. His background consists mainly of research in the areas of weapon effects, rapid repair of wartime facility damage, and the design of facilities to resist the effects of nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, and accidental explosions. He has developed computer programs in the areas of weapon effects prediction and computational dynamics. He was also a major author of UFC 3-340-01, Design & Analysis of Hardened Structures to Conventional Weapons Effects. Mr. Walton was also the primary DOD structural investigator for the World Trade Center, Oklahoma Federal Building, and Khobar Towers – Saudi Arabia bombings.

Blast Retrofit Research and Development: Protection for Walls and Windows - Page 31

Blast Retrofit Research and Development:

David Coltharp and Dr. Robert L. Hall, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS

Conventional building components are highly vulnerable to terrorist vehicle bomb attack. Common annealed glass windows break at very low blast pressures and the resulting flying glass fragments are a major cause of injuries in many bombing incidents. Masonry in-fill walls are also weak elements and another source of hazardous debris. Through the combined research and development efforts of multiple DOD agencies and the State Department, significant advances have been made since 1996 in improving methods for protection of conventional military and government facilities. David Coltharp presents some of the unique and innovative methods that have been developed for retrofitting windows and walls, and describes how they increase the blast capacity of these vulnerable components, decrease standoff requirements, and improve protection for personnel.

AMPTIAC Advanced Materials and Processes Technology Information Analysis Center (US DoD)

DOD Protective Design Manuals Have Wide Application PDF

VHSC Very-High-Strength-Concretes For Use In Blast And Penetration-Resistant Structures PDF

Nuts and Bolts of a Fallout Shelter - Fox Business

Reuters

If you are worried about protecting your family from a tornado, hurricane, wildfire or worse -- radioactive particles from a nuclear explosion -- a fallout shelter may be the answer.

Paul Seyfried, co-owner of Utah Shelter Systems, specializes in making fallout shelters and other structures to protect people in such doomsday scenarios. "Most of our clients are simply Americans who want to improve the safety and security of their families in tumultuous times," he says. Installing a fallout shelter is similar to improving any other structure on a homeowner's property, Seyfried says. Depending on the builder, the shelter could be made of corrugated steel, concrete or even fiberglass.

But like any other home improvement, it's important to select a builder who's familiar with the products and knows what it takes to protect your home, he says. Homeowners also should make sure they understand all the costs, follow local building rules and stock the structure properly.

Priced like a well-equipped truck

Seyfried says underground structures at Utah Shelter Systems range in size from about 256 to 500 square feet, and they come with ventilation systems, wood-based flooring, bunk beds and a wiring system with light fixtures.

Lights run off of batteries that last two to three weeks, hopefully long enough to get through the worst of a calamity. If the batteries run out, a home generator could be used to recharge them, and generators cost about $1,000.

The cost starts at about $51,800. "We want the price to be about that of a new, well-equipped truck," Seyfried says. "It sounds like a lot of money, but you sure see a lot of pickup trucks driving around on America's roads."

Other options, such as additional bunk beds, dehydrated food and other items to stock the room can be purchased separately, he says. Consumers generally pay 50% of the shelter's cost upfront to purchase materials, Seyfried says.

It takes about six weeks for a fallout shelter to be built, and at about that point, the client pays the remainder of the money, he says.

At Hardened Structures in Virginia Beach, Va., a typical reinforced underground shelter is made of concrete. "That cost will run anywhere from $300 to $600 per square foot," says Brian Camden, the company's president. The factors influencing the cost are how thick the walls are, the extent of shielding from electromagnetic pulse, and the difficulty of hitting certain underground conditions such as rock or water, he says.

Another issue is privacy. Some clients are willing to pay more to bring in subcontractors from out of state to keep the installation project discreet, he says.

In addition to paying for the design and construction of the shelters off-site, clients also have to hire their own general contractor to transport and install the shelter on their property. That can add thousands of dollars to the total bill, depending on the shelter's requirements, Seyfried says.

Set money aside

Customers arrange their own funding. "We don't do financing, and we don't take credit cards," Seyfried says.

Obviously, the best option to pay for these large projects is to have money set aside just for this purpose, says Rob Seltzer, a CPA in Los Angeles.

But if you don't have the cash on hand and are considering taking out a loan to pay for the shelter, talk to an adviser about your financial situation before signing an agreement with any builder, he says.

Owners who have equity in their homes may be able to refinance their mortgage to pay for the structure, and that can have tax advantages over other loan options. But owners have to make sure they can handle the extra expense, Seltzer says. "Scrutinize your budget first," he says.

Finding a builder

An online search will reveal many niche companies that can build a fallout shelter for your family, but it's important to find a company that knows the industry, Camden says.

"You can't go and hire an engineer who designed the shopping center down the street," he says. "You need special engineers who know Department of Defense requirements, blast requirements and ballistics requirements." In addition, the builders will need to make sure they have the necessary permits from your local jurisdiction to make an improvement on your property, just as with any other home project, Camden says.

Location, location, location

For protection in a true doomsday scenario, you'd want your bomb shelter to be in a place that's easy for you and your family to get to in the event of a catastrophe, Seyfried says. "Most of the shelters go into the backyard," he says.

Shelters are buried underground, with generally at least 8 feet of earth covering the structure to help protect against the threat of any radiation danger, he says.

"You also want to site these shelters where heavy rain will drain away from the shelter site, not toward it," Seyfried says.

Once installed, the fallout shelter should remain with the property. Don't expect to pick it up and bring it with you if you decide to move, he says.

If paying for a separate structure isn't appealing, many builders also will give homeowners the option to reinforce their existing property with ballistic and fire-resistant exteriors, Camden says.

"You try to fit the best shelter for what the client's threat-event scenario is," he says. "We could fortify the entire house."

By Margarette Burnette Published October 22, 2012

Fox Business Article: Nuts and Bolts Fallout Shelter

Best In The Risk Mitigation Business - Background, Design Experience & Projects

Hardened Structures Hardened Shelters, LLC. is a Professional Construction Program Management Company specializing in the confidential planning, design and covert construction of hardened facilities, underground bunkers, survival communities, deep earth bunkers, rural compounds and fortresses. Composed of specially trained architects, engineers, physicists, scientists, ex-military and security experts, the firm has been recognized as one of the world's most experienced team of underground shelter engineers and design / build firms.

Hardened Structures serves as an agent and advocate for their clients. They function solely to protect their client's best interests in the areas of Protection Programming, Design, Construction, Product Procurement, Privacy and Secrecy.

Protection Programming is an analytical activity which seeks to identify and state the client's need which then can be translated into a Statement of Requirements in such a way as to lead to design solutions that responds to the client's needs. These facilities are unparalleled in their Protection Program and technology. Client confidentiality and total project secrecy are paramount on all of the firm's design / build projects.

Hardened Structures offers a full spectrum of services as listed below:

• Full Architectural & Design Services
• Construction Contracting
• Asset Value Assessment
• Threat Hazard Assessment
• Vulnerability Assessment
• Full Risk Assessment
• Site Selection and Layout Design
• Blast Effects and Mitigations
• Chemical, Biological and Radiological Protective Measures
• Red Team Assault Exercises
• Ventilation, Air Filtration and Sorbent Filtering Systems
• Sustainable, Alternative, Geothermal, Climatic and #Solar Energy Designs
• Budgeting and Estimating
• Full Construction Contracting
• Long Term Survivability, Food Storage, Equipment and Shelter Management Plans
• Planning & Design Services – full Architectural and #Engineering Design services. Critical Path scheduling, budgeting, product procurement, plan review, permitting, variance applications, owner representation.
• Construction Services – from complete single point responsibility for all construction activities to off-site advisory roles.

A Hardened Structure Facility can be constructed in most localities, urban, suburban or rural. By its nature, a Hardened Structure is usually designed to perform its primary mission both during and after a war-like or criminal attack, in the event of a major natural disaster or accidental / man made emergency. Thus, making hardening one of its primary requirements and a significant part of the cost.

We address these challenges by employing a Multi-Hazard Engineering methodology that not only recognizes individual hazards / threats sequentially but also address all hazards/threats simultaneously as a problem of optimization under constraints. The facility can be protected against a wide range of threats including forced entry, armed assault; chemical, biological, radiological, explosive (CBRE) agents, air-blast, ground shock, penetration, fragmentation and damage to the structure and equipment due to explosive loading.

Hardened Structures Hardened Shelters, LLC is the US distributor for #TEMET brand products. TEMET is the world leader in Hardened Shelter Technology providing protective solutions for all types of civilian and military protective structures.

TEMET has been active in this technology since the 1950's, conducting research, development, testing and production of all critical components and systems of hardened shelters. The Finnish legislative requirements and long-term shelter building program for the civilian population has laid the foundation for TEMET's strong technological standing in shelter technology.

TEMET's strength is the ability to rapidly develop new protective solution applications to meet with the most demanding protection criteria. Teaming together, Hardened Structures and TEMET will provide peer plan reviews of the shelter layout, functionality, system equipment, egress and ingress of the shelter.

Hardened Structure's ATF Import License # is ( available upon application ) and the firm's registration number with the DDTC is ( available upon application ).

Projects : Design Build Experience

Private Residence Shelters - USA

1. Project name: Private Residence Shelters
2. Description of projects: A 4,300 SF (372 SM) and a 10,000 SF (929 SM) underground shelter complete with EMP protection, designed for full range of catastrophic events including a 3 bar blast overpressure.
3. Description of design work actually performed by the design entity: Hardened Structures provided complete structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing design including NBC filtration systems, fuel storage systems, EMP protection design and site layout.
4. Location of projects: USA
5. Dollar value of the projects: $3,500,000 and $8,000,000

Projects : Examples 2015 

A. A bunker, 10’x50’ (500SF ) , prefab steel unit, plus underground generator enclosure, tunnel to master bedroom, escape tunnel . . . 

The excavation was for an actual permitted swimming pool, pool deck and cabana. The bunker went under the cabana and pool deck, and a midnight overnight delivery and backfill.

B. A 250SF earth sheltered one bedroom suite with full EMP protection and off grid energy. EMP shielding drove the price higher.

C. A 600SF two bedroom plus loft hardened retreat home. Earth bermed.

D.  A new 3,500 SF hardened home with an additional 800SF hardened bunker.

E. Safe rooms - how long one is going to stay in the safe room makes a huge impact. 12 hours is far different than 72 hours. And beyond 72 hours becomes a full specification bunker project.

F. Survival retreats both within the USA and internationally - ongoing.

Temet Protective Solutions - Oil and Gas . . .

TEMET - Supply Chain Partners

Process Industry

The hazards related to explosions and fires are most eminent in chemical and petrochemical plants that treat increasing volumes of highly flammable agents. The more complicated the process, the higher the risk of accident. Failure to invest in safety can lead to costly outcomes. Temet's cutting edge technology will prevent accidents from turning into major incidents.

Petrochemical Industry

Temet's technology is used world wide in oil refineries, off-shore platforms, control buildings, field auxiliary rooms and laboratories, analyzer and instrument houses and electrical substations. The new blast resistant technology accounting for the combined effect of pressure and fire present in hydrocarbon deflagration allows for optimized protection of ventilation systems and passageways of all hardened industrial facilities.

Other Process Industries

Temet is constantly expanding its industrial product line and finding new applications outside the petrochemical industry; our protective solutions successfully serve the protection needs within other process industry such as other chemical and pulp and paper plants.

Process Industry references and case studies:

• Zubair Oil Field , Iraq, 2013
• Suncor MCB locker Complex, Canada, 2013
• Kazakhstan Caspian Offshore Industries, 2013
• Daewoo Shipbuilding, Matrine Engineering, Korea, 2012
• Borouge U&O, UAE, 2012
• Barzan Project, UAE, 2012
• Shell E&I Shop, USA, 2012
• Harbin Oil Refining Project, China 2011

Temet Protective Solutions - Mining Industry

TEMET - Supply Chain Partners

Mining Industry

Elimination of potential dangers and protection against accidents reach new dimensions when the target lies thousands of feet underground.

The special conditions in mines create a vulnerable environment where both persons and equipment are exposed to various threats such as explosions and toxic gases.

Blast Protection

Analogous to protection in process industry, Temet's blast protection solutions are used to mitigate the damage caused by mining explosions.

Air Filtration

Equally important is to neutralize the hazard caused by release of toxic gases with the special filtration technology tuned to remove the specified spectrum of gaseous agents.

Temet Protective Solutions - Protective Structures and Shelters

1. TEMET - supply chain partners

World Leader in Protective Solutions

www.Temet.com

Temet is the world leader in blast protection, CBRN filtration and special ventilation technology applied in civilian shelters and hardened military facilities.

Shelter Technology Index Page - Google Drive Link

Temet : Global Leader In Blast Protection & Special Ventilation Technology

Hardened Protective Structures

Temet provides the most advanced solutions for blast protection of hardened shelters, securing access ways and ventilation openings as well as wall penetrations for electrical and mechanical services.

Temet's expertise in Civil Defence Shelters is successfully applied in furnishing other types of civilian and military protective structures with blast protection, special filtration and shock protection technology.

Typical end users of Temet solutions are command & control rooms, equipment and material shelters, hardened telecom and server centers as well as power distribution facilities.

Civil Defense Shelters

Temet's Civil Defense Shelters fulfill the demanding requirements of Finnish and other national authorities

The purpose of Civil Defense is to protect the citizens from emergencies and disasters. Public shelters are an important asset in this protection.

Protection for All

Countries that have decided to provide all-inclusive, thoroughly designed Civil Defense for their citizens build modern shelters that impartially offer all citizens a reliable refuge in all crisis situations.

Total Shelter Equipment Offering

Temet offers all special equipment and systems for today's Civil Defense Shelters to guarantee their performance for protection against blast effects, CBRN threat and damage induced by excessive mechanical shock loads.

Civil Defense references and case studies:

• Al Jaber Hospital, Kuwait, 2012
• PUB Authority for Minors AFF, Kuwait, 2012
• KOC Al Ahmadi Hospital, Kuwait, 2012
• Paaet Rasco Stadium, Kuwait, 2012
• Al Zour Power Plant , Kuwait, 2012

2. Environics

Environics is a global provider of industrial gas detection and CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) monitoring solutions. We manufacture a wide range of products including hazardous gas monitors for ambient air, process gas and stack emissions, as well as government early warning CBRN detection systems. Today, Environics is the supplier of choice for industrial, government and military organizations worldwide.

Electric Infrastructure Security Summit ( Including EMP ) Agenda.pdf - Capitol Hill, Washington, USA - May 2013 - PDF

Electric Infrastructure Security Summit (Including EMP) Agenda.pdf - Google Drive Link

A member aligned to the Hardened Structures team was a key note speaker at this event in May 2013.

The electric power grid and other rapidly evolving, interdependent infrastructures have brought our nations unprecedented prosperity and revolutionary change in the way we live, work and play. But the integration of nearly all these systems, and their profound dependence on electricity , has also given rise to new, serious dimensions of societal vulnerability.

The Electric Infrastructure Security Conference (EISS) Series was the primary annual framework for senior national and international government representatives, energy and insurance sector executives and leading scientists to share ideas and information, and explore ways to collaborate on protecting vital utilities and infrastructures.

The fourth annual world summit on infrastructure security, EISS IV WASHINGTON D.C. was built on the international security framework established over the previous three years. ( To preview previous EIS Summits, visit www.eissummit.com )

The theme of EISS IV was Resilience and Synergy. With the primary focus on electromagnetic threats (e-threats including EMP).

CBRNe Chemical Biological Radiation Nuclear explosive Conference - Kuala Lumpar Asia September 2013 - PDF

Kuala Lumpar 24 to 27th September 2013 Conference

CBRNe Chemical Biological Radiation Nuclear explosive Conference - Google Drive Link

www.cbrneasia.com

FORTECO Fortified Eco - Sustainability + A Discussion Document Link Via Google Drive

Forteco

Providing secure underground structures and fully integrated sustainable above ground fortified homes.

Forteco PDF - Google Drive Link

The Mission

Providing a comprehensive design and build service tailored to the needs of the present day.

The Build

Fortified Buildings that can withstand forces beyond a 2500 year event level.

Lifestyle

To live in a completely sustainable and self sufficient environment.

1. Fortified "Hardened" Homes

A fortified home that is safe and secure against a variety of threats is an excellent way to protect your investment and your family.

2. Fortified And Hardened Homes

Fortified "Hardened" Homes

A fortified home that is safe and secure against a variety of threats is an excellent way to protect your investment and your family contact Hardened Structures for confidential pricing and scheduling information Contact Hardened Structures for confidential pricing and scheduling information.

At Hardened Structures our Fortified Homes are custom tailored to our clients particular requirements. We emphasize the family function and quality lifestyles as being the design drivers while all of our Fortified Homes bear an unmistakable architectural signature of safe and secure elegance.

Secure & Elegant Fortified Homes

At Hardened Structures our architects can design to your individual architectural style be it Contemporary, Traditional, Colonial, Mediterranean, Beach Front, Southwestern or any personal preference. We can also work with your own architect to achieve the level of protection and perfection necessary for your personal residence. Our security consultants are internationally recognized experts in the fields of building fortifications, personal security, advanced security systems and offensive/defensive components.

At Hardened Structures we employ a Multi-Hazard Engineering methodology that not only recognizes individual threats sequentially, but also address all hazards/threats as simultaneously occurring, so as to insure there is no "Achilles Heel" within our designs. The Protection Program for a Fortified Home is varied and is usually determined by the Client's Threat, Risk and Asset assessments.

The home can be protected against a wide range of threats including forced entry/assaults, climate change, chemical / biological / radiological / explosive (CBRE) agents, air-blast, ground shock, penetration, fragmentation and damage to the structure and equipment due to explosive loading. Along with the Client's particular living, function and storage requirements, the designs also incorporate active offensive and defensive components, and mechanical responses to reduce the effectiveness of any given threat while providing for individual/family long term living requirements.

Large Shelter Layout Beneath A Private Residence

For most of our clients, one of the most important aspects of designing their Fortified Home is that it not resemble a fortified home and that the outwardly appearance is of a well designed custom home. Only the owners will know the true capabilities and functions of the home which may include:

• Vaults for firearms and ammunition
• Vaults for precious metals, cash and other vaulables
• Remote control Offensive and Defensive systems
• Hidden compartments and sliding bookcases
• Emergency escape ways
• Alternative energy and sustainability syststem
• Vehicle storage and fuel systems
• Ballistic walls, windows and doors
• Fire resistance
• "Off Grid" electrical capabilities
• Independent water and sewage
• Advanced security systems, CCTV, sensors and alarms
• Hidden passages and entrances
• Underground bomb shelter and storage

Contact Hardened Structures for confidential pricing and scheduling information

Ballistic Level 5 Hardened Home

Features protection from: Bullets, Forced Entry, Hurricanes, Flooding, Tornadoes and Armed Assaults.

Fortified Homes are special, and so are the people who choose them. At Hardened Structures confidentiality is paramount. We serve as our Client's agent, representing their best efforts by professionally and stealthily implementing a design/build program to meet any Threat Event.

Fortified Homes can include protection mitigation for:

• Natural disasters covering earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, lightning and flooding.
• Ballistic Levels for most weapons from .22 to .50 caliber
• Forced Entry and Armed Assaults
• Fire in the immediate surroundings
• CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological nuclear) air filtration systems
• EMP/HEMP shielding and mitigation

Virginia Beach Firm Builds Shelters

The Virginian-Pilot
© March 4, 2012
By Josh Brown

Virginia Beach

Almost every day, Brian Camden gets a call from someone full of angst.

The worry might be about nuclear attack. Economic collapse. Widespread anarchy.

Camden is head of a Virginia Beach-based company that builds all sorts of reinforced structures, from underground bunkers to fortified homes.

No matter what clients fear, Camden said, his company, Hardened Structures Hardened Shelters LLC, can build something to help them feel safer. "It doesn't matter whether it's a Nostradamus prediction or the Book of Revelation. A lot of times the protection plan is largely the same."

The 57-year-old civil engineer started building shelters as a side business 20 years ago. For worriers, those two decades have provided plenty of fodder: terrorist attacks, wars in the Middle East and a slew of natural disasters including hurricanes, tsunamis and earthquakes.

As a result, Camden and experts said, a growing number of people these days are preparing for the worst.

"The prepper or survivalist mentality is not a large percentage of the U.S. population, but I think more and more people are waking up and paying more attention," said Janet Liebsch, co-author of a manual on preparedness called "It's a Disaster!"

"The people now who are looking at building shelters, it's because of the saber-rattling going on with Iran and North Korea and fears of terrorists getting access to the smaller nuclear devices," said Liebsch, who is also a member of the American Preppers Network, a survivalist organization.

Survivalists, or "preppers," have garnered more media attention in recent years. Last month, the National Geographic Channel premiered a new reality TV show called "Doomsday Preppers," which profiles people preparing for disasters.

Camden said that sort of attention has also helped stoke the niche industry. But his company doesn't build safe rooms or sell rations or Geiger counters. It caters to well-heeled preppers who can spend tens of thousands of dollars for a greater sense of security.

"A typical U.S. private client is college-educated and somewhat wealthy," Camden said. "Due to a variety of reasons, they generally believe the current economic and societal system cannot be sustained, and they are taking steps to protect their family. In a nutshell, that's what these facilities are: family insurance."

Typically, a fortified home costs between $250 and $350 per square foot to build, Camden said. That cost increases to between $300 and $800 per square foot for reinforced concrete bunkers.

To give an idea what one of the homes might look like, the firm's website depicts a large underground bunker complete with five bedrooms, four bathrooms and large living and storage areas. All of that is set underneath a fairly typical-looking home built on the side of a mountain. Camden said some of his projects have included entrances disguised to look like boulders, and many clients opt for military-grade air-filtration systems.

In recent years, Camden said, his firm has worked on projects ranging from a $14,000 storm shelter to a $60 million survival community in a mountainous area in the western part of the country.

Of course, you have to take Camden at his word. He declined to give the name of any individual who has hired his firm to build a bunker or fortified home. However, he does offer media the chance to tour one of his projects outside of Asheville, N.C. - as long as they agree to be driven there blindfolded and without any sort of GPS tracking device.

"One of the first things you learn in this industry is never to reveal the location of a client's shelter," Camden said.

Long before he ever had to worry about his clients' secret bunkers, the Hampton Roads native spent years in the local construction industry, working jobs ranging from a surveyor to structural inspector.

The idea for the survival-shelter business came in 1991, while he was working for a construction management firm. The economy was bad, and his company had just lost a bid to build a large church.

As Camden recalls, he left work early that day to blow off some steam and reflect.

"The idea came to me while I was jogging on the beach," he said. "If the world's economies got worse and more wars happen, what kind of construction would still be in demand? People would be buying hardened structures."

His firm started advertising that it could build survival shelters, but business was slow initially. A year or two passed before he got his first couple of orders, he said. One was from a woman in Mt. Juliet, Tenn., east of Nashville. She wanted a basic bunker. The other was an order for a new fortified basement addition for a resident in Williamsburg.

As the economy improved, Camden turned his attention back to his primary job with Powell Management Associates, which specializes in construction management for municipal projects.

By 1997, he had incorporated Hardened Structures and launched a website. He said it was around then that his first large project came along - a survival complex in the Adirondack Mountains in New York.

Then things quieted down a bit until the terrorist attacks on 9/11, followed by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Those events spurred a resurgence of individuals considering ways to protect themselves from man-made and natural disasters, Camden said.

Over the years, he estimated, the company has worked on about 100 projects for shelters and hardened buildings, including at least a couple in Hampton Roads.

Along the way, the business has spawned several affiliate companies in other states and in Europe. Those companies use the Hardened Structures name and designs but manage the projects themselves, paying Camden's firm a royalty, he said. A businessman and former Navy SEAL operates an affiliate firm in Virginia Beach that handles defense-related and classified projects.

The company also recently began building structures for foreign governments, including fortified aircraft hangars in Kuwait and earth-covered magazines in the United Arab Emirates, Camden said.

These days, he said, his firm works on about eight projects annually. He declined to give sales figures but said 2010 was Hardened Structures' biggest year. He attributes part of that boom to people trying to finish their preparations before any doomsday events that some fear will happen this year.

While his biggest seller is a $40,000 steel bunker that looks somewhat like a boxcar, Camden said his firm has subcontractors that can build just about anything, even a survival ark like the one fictionalized in the 2009 disaster movie "2012." However, Camden declined to comment on whether his firm has ever built such an ark.

In the past year, business for the bunkers has slowed somewhat. That gives his 12-person firm in an unmarked building on Lynnhaven Parkway more time to focus on municipal projects as Powell Management.

Camden hopes the business for shelters continues to grow, but he doesn't want to be known as a fear-monger.

"I'm a family man," he said. "I sincerely hope nothing ever happens."

But if it does, Camden said, he's ready. Someplace out in Western Tidewater is his own safe area - a bunker he calls "the farm."

He's not saying where.
Josh Brown 

Projects Internationally And Program Management

His company, Hardened Structures, calls itself the "world leader in underground shelter systems."

While I can't attest to that, I do know that the company is highly regarded by everyone I've talked to while researching this story.

The construction management firm builds everything from prisons to schools to shopping malls. "We do it all," says Camden. "I work for the Army Corps of Engineers, we did a few hundred person shelter under the hospital in Kuwait last year. We've done work for the Jordanian government. We've done work for the Army Corps of Engineers, we do work for U.S. corporations and private individuals. We do work for the Air Force."

The various 2012 type scenarios that people believed might have seemed fantastic, but for someone like Camden, they are nothing more than a series of calculations.

"Once you determine the threat level, the threat event scenarios the facility has to be designed to mitigate, the occupant load, how many people are going to be in there, the assets that need protected — people, food, guns, gold, precious metals, plants, hydroponics — what are the putting in there? How long? How long are you going to stay in there? That determines your cubic footage for storage. Once we understand all of that, it's straight engineering and physics. [Once] we understand the program that the client needs us to design, it's basically the same concept, the same approach that an architectural design team would use if we were designing a shopping center, let's say."

The important thing, says Camden, is that the client can articulate the "threat event scenario," or the specific dangers they wish to mitigate.

According to Camden, an underground reinforced concrete bunker will have walls between 14 to 24 inches thick, with a a ceiling anywhere from 18 to 36 inches thick.

The level of EMP protection is also a factor. EMP, or electromagnetic pulse, is the electromagnetic radiation that accompanies a nuclear explosion. Effects from EMP vary, but if you get a high enough dose it will damage your electronic equipment. If you have a pacemaker, you'll want to shield the entire shelter with conductive material which, Camden notes, "is very expensive." If you're trying to save a few bucks you can probably get away with just shielding the electrical systems and points of entry.

Aside from nukes, common threat event scenarios include tidal waves or global flooding.

In the event of a massive flood, the bunker engineer has to account for things like the shelter's occupant load and the amount of time the occupants plan on spending there. "[W]e have to put in CO2 scrubbers and oxygen machines. You calculate, with a thousand foot wave going over top, at 500 feet, how long will it take that water to reside. Is it 100 hours, 200 hours, 300 hours? Whatever the case is, and we calculate that, then we double for a safety factor. But even with that you still have to include self-rescue supplies in the shelter. If they believe you're going to be completely underwater, you must assume that the tidal wave may never reside. In other words, you're going to be underwater constantly. If that's the case, how do you get out? And there's design secrets, proprietary stuff that we do, that get the clients out.

"In 2012 type scenario's, those are the big cost-driven factors right there. After that, what determines the cost is geotechnical conditions. What are you going to hit when you go into the ground. Are you going to hit rock? Bedrock? Are you going to hit water? Can we just use a hammer drill and excavate, or [do we have to] blast? Those are cost aspects. Is there an access road? Do we have to put a road in? Are there utilities there? Can we get water up there? Can we drill for a well?

"After doing this for twenty years, it's not rocket science."

Hardened Structures Reminder of 20 Basic Survival Preparation Tips ( Ammoland.com )

Hardened Structures Reminder of 20 Basic Survival Preparation Tips
(www.ammoland.com)

Virgina Beach VA -(Ammoland.com)- Hardened Shelters LLC is a professional construction program management firm specializing in commercial, and residential hardening, fortified homes, bomb shelters, bunkers, storm shelters and self-sustaining hardened facilities. Hardened Structures reminds us all to be prepared and take responsibility for yourself should you encounter a survival event.

Hardening Your Residence

While serious hardening with bullet-resistant materials may not be feasible, ALERT! Time To Update With More Ballistic Threat Levels! 6.5mm Creedmoor Rounds there are things you can do to prepare your house in the event of civil disturbances and many disasters where you should not go outside such as in an atomic fallout situation or volcanic ash.

1. Advanced planning for civil unrest is important. First, all the previous recommendations apply. Have good locks on your house. Make sure any glass windows near your doors will not allow access to internal hand operated dead bolt locks. Have plenty of outdoor lighting. Have good, solid, exterior doors with good locks. Keep high bushes away from windows and doors or cut them down during the emergency. Have a sturdy storm door to your front entrance. Consider applying tinted film to your front windows. It limits visibility into your house in daylight; it acts as both a heat and cold insulator and can resist or stop items thrown at your windows. Set up retreat rooms in your home that can act as basic panic rooms (bathrooms are excellent). Be prepared to defend your house. Be prepared to fight a significant house fire. If you have a swimming pool have a gas-powered pump you could use to fight a fire should your regular water supply be cut off.
2. Residence contamination: Move your disaster supplies into the house with you. Get your supply of water in place. Have duct tape and plastic sheeting that you can apply to the insides of windows, doors, fireplaces, and even use to isolate off a safe room or area. Close off vents and air conditioning. Cover stove and fireplace dampers and clothes dryer vents. From time to time you will need fresh air in a sealed room or carbon dioxide will build up to a deadly point.
3. Learn to recognize signs of danger. Tsunami, fire, floods, etc. Then plan how you will resist or escape from the particular threat(s) in your area.
4. Don't be a hero. It is not heroic to die in your house defending it from a forest fire. Apply this thinking to other threats. It is ok to be a hero to save lives though.
5. Legal stuff. Some day order will be restored (hopefully) and anything you may have done during the emergency situation may be held against you in a court of some kind.
6. Read, learn and live. There are many books and sources for survival. Keep your plans simple and practical for your situation. Then put the plans for you and your family into use. Remember, planning for survival after things go south-is too late.

Evacuating your area (getting out of town quick)

1. Have a bug-out pack or bag for each family member and even pets. Bug-out bags are pre-packaged support bags or backpacks designed for loading into your vehicle and getting away from your present location when minutes really count. Items to consider in a bug-out bag (one stingy adult for 7-10 days and not in a cold winter environment):
   • Three sets of underwear and sox
   • Wool sweater and warm hat
   • Light wind-proof jacket
   • Durable pants
   • Two long sleeve shirts
   • Pair of durable shoes
   • Poncho/rain gear
   • Basic bathroom kit, roll of toilet paper
   • Back-up medications and prescription glasses
   • Four large trash bags (many uses)
   • Stick matches and joke type birthday candles
   • 8-12 MRE (Meals Ready to Eat) and hard candy
   • Light towel, baby powder (for dry showering)
   • Feminine hygiene products if applicable
   • Sheath or utility pocket knife
   • Wool blanket or sleeping bag
   • Gallon or more of water per person (if possible)
   • Water purification tablets or filter system
   • 100 feet of military grade 550 nylon cord
   • Flashlight and extra batteries
   • Cash in $10 bills (gold coins for barter)
   • Portable hand-crank radio
   • Firearm(s) and ammunition
   • Important papers, I.D.s, wills, insurance, birth certificates, passports, etc.
   • Note pad, pencils and pens
   You must prepare for the fact that roads in and out of your area may be blocked by traffic, wrecks or worse, so the best bug-out container is a pre-packed backpack so you can walk out of the area if you must abandon your car. Have a map.
2. Keep your car's fuel tank at least half way full. If possible, safely store 5-10 gallons of auto gasoline at your residence (outdoors, not in the garage) in approved gas containers. Change gasoline every few months and remember, in a crisis the gas stations will be jammed, out of service or $50.00 a gallon.
3. Know several evacuation routes. Have a basic destination a way and a plan how to link up with your family members. Depending on where you are and the situation it may be best to avoid strangers from seeing you.
4. Have an emergency travel bag with you always (this is NOT as comprehensive as your home based bug out bag). This is a smaller supply of items you keep in your car. Consider you are on a vacation trip and an event occurs stranding you miles from home or civilization. Odds are you will have basic clothing and personal items in your luggage. Your emergency travel bag (a back pack is best container) might contain:
   • Flashlight and extra batteries
   • 100 feet of military 550 cord
   • Handgun (where legal) and 100-200 rounds of ammunition (may become barter) for each gun. We recommend the.22 long rifle caliber for overall versatility.
   • Hunting knife
   • 3-6 MREs, hard candy
   • Quart of water per person
   • Small portable radio (extra batteries)
   • Chemicals to purify water
   • One roll toilet paper
   • Four large garbage bags
   Make this kit as comprehensive as you wish but this kit is to supply you and yours with self defense, food and water augmented by the personal items you may already have packed with you.

Basic Residence Survival Tips

1. Know where all of your residence's gas, electric and water shut-off valves are and have the tools to shut them off.
2. Develop a neighborhood watch/protection program. There is safety in numbers to defend your family and your house and prepare your neighborhood in the event of civil unrest. This may mean strategic blocking of your area's streets, armed defense planning and fire-fighting plans, etc. This is especially important in urban environments; however civil unrest will extend far outside of the inner city as time passes.
3. Have firearms (and ammunition) and know how to use them. For most home-defense situations a pump-action shotgun with buckshot will prove effective.
4. Have a 60-day supply of food. The best survival food is the food you usually eat. Most canned foods have a posted 3-5 year "use by" date but may keep longer protected from extreme heat or cold. Basic choices might be:
   • Stews
   • Beans
   • Chili
   • Tuna and sardines
   • Soup
   • Canned pasta
   • Canned chicken
   • Spam
   These are meals in a can. Canned foods are insect and rodent proof and can be eaten cold (they are already cooked). Once opened, you can heat them over a candle in their own can juice which will provide much needed liquid. Juices and canned fruits have a much shorter shelf life. Rotate your food stock throughout the year and as you use it and replenish with new purchases. Any food that might be getting near the expiration date may be donated to food banks for a tax write off. If needed, ration carefully from the beginning of the survival event. You can easily survive on one 303 size can a food per person per day if necessary. Last, don't forget food for children and pets. Freeze dried and dehydrated foods, dried beans, etc. will keep for years but require water to rehydrate them.
5. Maintain a good supply of paper plates, plastic utensils, and disposable aluminum foil pans as you may not have the water for washing. Also have a back-up supply of toilet paper (and shovel for digging a backyard outhouse if water is gone). Garbage bags are very handy too. Other supplies might be candles, matches, an extra can opener or two, batteries, etc.
6. A gas barbecue grill is a real asset. Have an extra tank or more safely stored outside in garbage bags for weather protection. Your bbq grill can cook, heat canned food and boil water, making it an excellent backup for electrical power or gas loss. Always keep it outdoors.
7. Know how to locate water. You can live without food for a couple of weeks (sometimes much longer), but you will die in a very few days without water. To find water, check toilet tanks (not the toilet bowl), water heater, pools, etc. In an emergency while water is still available you can fill sinks and bath tubs (drains will leak). Any of those plastic storage tubs you may have for clothing, etc. make excellent water storage containers. Fresh water goes bad so learn how to maintain and purify water with common household bleach (a valuable item to have as it also works as a powerful sanitizer). If you buy water, the one-gallon jugs in your supermarket have at least a year storage life if kept cool; check the expiration dates.
8. Medical and First Aid supplies for at least 60 days. Many people do not maintain back up medications, pain killers, stimulants and sleeping aids and other legally obtained drugs. In addition a first aid kit that can handle larger injuries is an important item for any family. Get trained in basic First Aid at the least.
9. Keep some cash at home in case the banks shut down. As mentioned for the bug out bags, gold coins may make for excellent barter (not retail purchases) if things get that bad. Have copies or safely stored originals of valuable papers (wills, insurance, etc.) located where you can get them any time and quickly.
10. Have one or more hand crank, battery operated radios. Keep the batteries out until needed. Keep the radios wrapped well in aluminum foil and store in military surplus ammunition can for protection against electronic interference such as the effects of EMP (electronic magnetic pulse). Most batteries hold a charge for only 2 to 3 years.

Read more: Hardened Structures Reminder of 20 Basic Survival Preparation Tips

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The EMP Engineering Team - Hardened Structures

U.S. State Department DDTC Registered. Full I.T.A.R. Compliant
8a, Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business (S.D.V.O.S.B.) in HUB ZONE

The EMP Engineering team is dedicated to the analysis, design, fabrication and installation of specialized shielding, components and systems to mitigate the harmful effects of Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Storms on buildings, vehicles and structures world-wide. Our Team of highly skilled professional engineers, project managers and fabricators have worked on military, government and private projects world-wide.

Due to varying worldwide conditions, the need now exists for uniform and effective hardening, hardness verification and hardness maintenance of command and control centers, critical communications, data and computer centers, and intelligence systems that require 100% operations during and after an EMP/HEMP or Geo-Magnetic Storm (GMS) event. In critical time-urgent applications where momentary upsets are mission-aborting, the hardening requirements include stringent facility shielding, point-of-entry (POE) protection and special protective measures.

EMP Engineering is a division of Hardened Structures® Hardened Shelters®

Our services include:

Professionally Engineered HEMP/EMP/GMS Mitigation Solutions

Custom HEMP Shielding Fabrication, Installation and Project Management

HEMP Verification Testing, Hardness, Hardness Assurance, Maintenance and Surveillance

Custom designs for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Nuclear and Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and TEMPEST solutions

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) Solutions that integrate with Architectural, Structural, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering services to create a secured and safe shelter / bunker environment

Full Service Professional Architectural, Engineering Solutions and Products for Hardened Facilities including CBRE (chemical, biological, radiological, explosive) Filters, Structural Engineering, Blast Engineering and Electrical/Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Solutions to keep your designed environment effective against evolving threats now and in the future

All designs and projects are HEMP hardened per MIL-STD-188-125-2

Portable, custom designed HEMP Resistant Electrical Generators, Communications Centers and Data Centers fabricated in ISO shipping containers at 10', 20', 30' and 40 foot lengths. These can be ballistic/blast hardened with CRBN Air-Filtration systems. Custom evaluations, installation and commissioning services included.

Custom HEMP Shielded Rooms designed, built and installed

Custom Faraday enclosures built to any size

EMP Engineering can provide comprehensive and effective hardening, hardness verification and hardness surveillance of bomb shelters, buildings, facilities, hardened shelters, command/control centers, data processing centers and business continuity centers against the damaging effects of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), HEMP, GMS, or transportable High-Powered Microwave (HPM) weapons. The function of these facilities supporting critical time-urgent applications requiring network interoperability and effective physical protections, electromagnetic shielding, point of entry (POE) protection and related special protective measures. At EMP Engineering we offer cost effective solutions and full manufacturing capabilities for most any type of HEMP/EMP/GMS mitigated facility along with full hardened shelter design/build services. We are dedicated to the design and implementation of robust, hardened CBRN and EMP measures – including specialized shielding / mitigation, components and sub-systems, to prevent the harmful effects of intentional or unintentional Electromagnetic Pulses and Geomagnetic Storms.

To create a protective electromagnetic-threat facility shield requires an electromagnetic barrier with additional special protective measures that incorporate electrically continuous housings that substantially reduce the coupling of EMP electric and magnetic fields into the protected area. The electromagnetic barrier shall consist of the Facility HEMP Shield and protective devices for all POE's. Additionally, reliability, maintainability, safety and human engineering, testability, configuration management and corrosion control all need to be incorporated to the HEMP protection system design.

To accomplish this goal, a Client specific Vulnerability identification/Hardness Program overview and criticality assessment must be conducted that incorporates design, engineering, fabrication, installation and ongoing effectiveness testing activities to achieve the following:

• Provide an electromagnetic threat protected facility or system design based upon verifiable performance specifications against identified threats that ideally suits the requirements of our clients.
• Provides a means of verifying achieved hardness levels through a cost-effective program of testing and analysis.
• Develop a maintenance/surveillance program during the procurement phase that supports the Client's operational and life cycle HEMP hardness requirements.
• Based on the anticipated threat, facility location and Client's protection program establishes the HEMP configuration baseline consisting of documentation of the physical characteristics of the HEMP protection system, subsystem and baseline performance data.

EMP Engineering

• Davidson Scott  :  Electromagnetic Associates  :  EMP : EMI : EMF Consulting Engineers

EMP Risk Mitigation : Fortified Data Centers / Embassies

HS's Extensive Shelter Guide : Threat Assessment, General Space, Structural, Mechanical & Electrical Requirements / Components

Hardened Structures Extensive  Shelter Guide

Threat Assessment, General Space Requirements, Structural Requirements, Mechanical & Electrical Requirements / Components

It is important to remember that this Type Underground Shelter guide is only a starting point in the comprehensive development of a Client Specific Shelter Protection Program.

To discuss your specific requirements, please call us for a free confidential consultation.

USA: + (1) 757-486-0084
International: + (64) 22 129 0241

While there are different people have different threat level predictions, all Hardened Structures Shelters generally function as a stand-alone fortress. Self Rescue supplies and Emergency Escape man-ways are included in the basic design as to allow radical movement of the structure and extreme surface conditions. If this shelter is forced to the surface it will be capable of surviving all of the above threats absent the protection of earth coverage. Post Attack Recovery Plans and resources are incorporated to be utilized during the anticipated after-effects of the Threat Event Scenario.

Contents:

Threat Assessment:	2
General Space Requirements:	2
Structural Requirements	3
Mechanical Requirements	3
Electrical Requirements:	6
Electrical Components:	8
Shelter Reviews:	9

Protection Programming for Multiple Events

Threat Assessment:

A Hardened Structures Shelter can be designed and constructed to mitigate the following Threats.

1. 3-Bar Blast Overpressure of 45 psi
2. Force 10 Earthquake in successions
3. 450 MPH winds
4. Extreme Gamma & Neutron attenuation from a 100 megaton air burst detonated 20 miles away
5. Solar Flares with 1,000,000 volt (EMP)
6. Flooding (submersion for 500 hours)
7. Extreme External Fires at 1250 F for 10 days
8. Magnetic Pole Shift
9. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Weapons
10. Forced Entry and Armed Assaults
11. 12' of snow and 10' of rain
12. 97 lb Hail Stones at a speed of 100 mph

General Space Requirements:

The shelter is anticipated to incorporate the following spaces: Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Air Locks, 1-Decotamination Room, 1-Kitchen, 1-Den, 1-Communal Space, 3- Store Rooms, HVAC Equipment Room, Battery Room, 2-Emergency Escape Tunnels, Power Control Room with Generator, Firearms/Ammunition Vault and required fresh air intakes and exhausts.

Structural Requirements:

The shelter shall be designed to withstand 3-Bars, or 45 psi of applied overpressure. All penetrations thru the shelter envelope must utilize blast valves and blast doors. Concrete admixtures for moisture control and water penetration will be required as well as additional reinforcing detailing at all penetrations. A Mat-type 4000 psi cast-in-place concrete foundation is envisioned with concrete walls between 1'-4" to 2'-2" thick. A cast in place concrete ceiling approximately 2'-4" to 3'-6" thick is anticipated. A Blast suspension system typically will not be incorporated.

Mechanical Requirements:

1. The shelter shall be designed to operate "off the grid" without outside utility support. The shelter will be connected to the existing electrical service and shall operate using utility electrical power when available.
1. The main electrical power should be used to keep the Facility ready for occupation
2. Primary power of approximately - 16 to 25Kw is required and should be geothermal water or radiator cooled generators. Possible future surface installations may need power for development, generator size determined after component selection.
3. Small scale power generation will need to be provided to keep the Battery Banks charged during lock down
4. Alternative Energy production shall be included i.e., P.V. Wind .etc...
5. All internal systems that can be run on 12-24or 48 Volt D.C should be designed accordingly and where possible, appliances should be duel fuel.
6. All Power transfer, Generation and Inverters and Batteries must be protected by a Ferias cage from EMP surge of 1,000,000 volt minimum. All these components and internal appliances must be surge protected
7. All Critical systems shall have a manually operated Back up.
8. Dehumidification of the air within this facility is the first consideration in all design and equipment choices. Humidity will degrade NBC and CO2 air supply filters at a ratio of 10to1, a filter good for 90 days at 5% humidity will only work at 95% humidity for as little as 9 days
9. All external Ducts, Cables and Pipes need to be bonded into the ground system before any wall penetrations to protect internal environments and equipment from EMP Surge.
10. Manual power generation capabilities shall be incorporated into the design.
11. Independent Isolated Battery Backup system shall be designed into the system
2. Air from external sources must be assumed to not always be available
1. During a closed circuit operation CO2 absorption will require an internal recirculation system to return air to HVAC room for treatment. "90Day"
2. All internal air is to be Heated, Cooled, Dehumidified, Filtered, HEPPA and or UV
3. All valves must have a fast acting closure mechanism capable of protection during complete submersion. Drainage for all system enclosures shall be provided.
4. All air within the shelter should be capable of being completely replaced within a 5 min period for evacuation after a possible internal fire.
5. All air locks are to have less than a 4 min cycle rate - 4 Full volume Exchanges
6. Two supply systems will be required One during NBC Lockdown Fully Protected, this system should have the option of CO2 exchange. The second system will be for Non – NBC filtered air. This system is for Blast protected and Filtered air for those times when the external air is suitable for breathing. Sensors will need to be installed to immediately close this system as soon as a threat is perceived. NOTE: It is cost prohibitive to provide NBC protected air for a full year without considerable expense.
7. 10Cm Per Hour is the recommended minimal air required for each inhabitant.
8. Ambient temperatures of 72 to 78 Deg should be used as a goal
9. We do not recommend that any air be introduced into the living spaces above 36" from floor height
10. Air exchange Valves between rooms are recommended to be between Head height and lowest ceiling level.
11. Air pick-ups for recirculation of air recommended to be within the Drop ceiling
12. Relative humidity is recommended to be kept under 10% at all times and 5% during Lockdowns
13. If heat exchange wells can't be installed then adequate coils will be placed on the uphill side of the structure during backfill for HVAC systems.
14. All external Ducts, Cables and Pipes need to be bonded into the ground system before any wall penetrations to protect internal environments and equipment from EMP Surge.
15. The Cooling and Aspiration air required by the Generator must be kept completely separate from that of the shelter areas especially during discharge
16. There shall be secure access to the generator room for maintenance and repairs.
3. Potable/Drinking water will be supplied from a deep well within the Structure
1. All internal systems should be operated on 12-24or 48 Volt D.C whenever possible.
2. Internal and external Water Supply tanks should be considered for heat exchangers to bring water supply closer to a useful temperatures
3. Hand operated backup systems should be included during design , for supply
4. Filtration and treatment equipment is to be included in the design of the water supply system in case future contamination occurs
5. A minimum of 5 Gallons per person per day is recommended
6. Sewer pipes and air vents are to be protected from back pressure
7. Grey water is recommended to be used to improve grounding potential of soils surrounding shelter
8. All external Ducts, Cables and Pipes need to be bonded into the ground system before any wall penetrations to protect internal environments and equipment from EMP Surge.
9. 30 Days of Water should be stored in an external tank allowing gravity feed into shelter for use during power outages. Hand pumping must be an option.
10. Water will be monitored for contamination: Radiological Chemical and Biological before storage and distribution network.
11. Drinking water wells will not be used for, or encroached on within 40' of Geo Thermal wells If available a different depth for Drinking water (The Deepest) should be used from those of equipment cooling
12. All sewer drain lines shall be located below structure for gravity feed.
13. An option of a secondary Grey water disposal system for backup which should include a water treatment system for use in toilets and for wash down requirements if water becomes in short supply.

Electrical Requirements:

Main Power will not be available for the duration of occupation.

1. Main power will be used to keep the Facility ready for occupation.
2. Primary power of approximately - 16 to 25Kw is required and should be Geothermal water or radiator cooled generators. Possible future Surface installations may need power for development (Generator size determined after component selection).
3. Small scale power generation will need to be provided to keep the Battery Banks charged during lock down.
4. Alternative Energy production will be included for possible use (i.e.: P.V., wind, etc.).
5. All internal systems that can be run on 12-24or 48 Volt D.C should be used and where possible appliances should be duel fuel.
6. All Power transfer, Generation and Inverters and Batteries must be protected by a Ferias cage from EMP surge of 1,000,000 volt minimum. All these components and internal appliances must be surge protected.
7. All critical systems will have a manually operated back up.
8. All external ducts, cables and pipes need to be bonded into the ground system before any wall penetrations to protect internal environments and equipment from EMP Surge.
9. Manual power generation capabilities should be included.
10. Independent Isolated Battery Back ups are required.
11. Provide UL listed and labeled products where possible.
12. All work to comply with NEC standards.
13. Coordinate required wall penetrations and cable trays spaces with plumbing to take advantage of duct hangers for cable tray support. The wall penetrations must have a minimum of 6" of clearance from each penetration.
14. Monitor all critical system components power signatures to diagnose and identify possible failures of these electrical components before failure occurs allowing possible maintenance and repairs before failure.
15. Copper wiring only - no aluminum.
16. All systems components to be fit with soft start when possible.
17. Hook up 25kw and 5kw generator sets into inverters system of matching KVA rating.
18. 12v lighting system as shown on drawings. 12v motor control panel in shelter master. 24 or 48v Jet pump. 48v water pump with high/low float switches and manual bypass on/off switches.
19. All systems, controllers, blowers and components to be 12, 24, or 48v unless otherwise specified on drawings.
20. Low voltage startups as preferred option when batteries require charge. These systems will require timers on the blowers and louvers to allow them to open and close up to 60 seconds before startup and shutdown of generator sets.
21. Only one generator will be allowed to charge the batteries at a time; they will need to be wired with a controller. Priority for charging should be the smaller generator set. This will require separate inverters for each generator.
22. Install inverter system and battery banks immediately adjacent to power generator room with air extraction hood for removal of off gassing during battery charging.
23. Wire P.V. system to Outback with 1,000,000v surge suppressor or disconnect P.V. system isolated and grounded separate from that of in-shelter system.
24. Wire wind generator system to internal system with 1,000,000v surge suppressor or disconnect wind generator system isolated and grounded separate from that of in-shelter system.
25. All external supply systems to have isolators and/or disconnects suitable for a 1,000,000v surge minimum.
26. Low voltage sensor alarms into shelter control panel for Battery systems. All systems require manual bypass and on/off switches.

Electrical Components:

1. 110V -220 v Blowers:
1. One blower 3,000 cfm on 25kw generator set.
2. One blower 900 cfm on 5 kw generator set.
3. One blower air intake variable speed as specified on drawings.
4. One blower air exhaust variable speed as specified on drawings.
5. One NBC rated 110v blower manufactured by Temet.
6. Two fire dampers on 25kw generator set.
7. One fire damper on 5kw generator set.
2. 110V – 220 V System:
1. 110v lighting system; 1 in each room
2. 110v wall sockets; 1 in each room
3. Two 110v freezers.
4. One 110v refrigerator.
5. One 110v washer/dryer.
6. One 110v dishwasher.
7. One 110v stove.
8. One 110v dehumidifier.
9. Instant hot water points (electrical) in kitchen
10. Satellite communications and internet with T.V.
11. Long Range Ham Radio Transceiver
12. CB Radio (2)
13. CBRN sensors and security system
3. Low Voltage System:
1. 12v lighting system (primary lighting) in every room as required for occupation.
2. 12v Wall sockets in each room for lap tops, entertainment systems, portable lighting, etc.
3. Smoke and fire detection system.
4. Carbon dioxide sensing/monitoring and alarm system.
5. One gas & air tight valve on air intake fit with pneumatic actuator..
6. One gas & air tight valve on air exhaust fit with pneumatic actuator.
7. Critical system air blowers in case of 110v power failure.
4. Radio transmitter, tower wiring and isolators and surge protectors.
5. All systems to be protected by surge protectors; 250,000v for internal systems and 1,000,000v external protection.
6. External sensors, lights and security systems.
7. Required EMP Grounding: PV, wind, antenna tower, internal electrical components, gen sets, inverters, battery, shelter rebar, water, EEM, fuel and sewer system grounding.
8. All blast doors to be grounded with ½" copper and frames as per Manufacturer's recommendations.
9. All in-shelter systems to use Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI).
10. One and two pole AFCI for stove and pumps to include homerun circuit. These are to be used in conjunction with GFCI receptacles.
11. A power manager to provide direct homeowner on/off remote control of specific circuits is required to perform automatic preprogrammed on/off control of specific circuits, (i.e. communications, monitoring, and control or air and water capabilities).
12. Power sensors need to be used to determine where power is being used. This will also allow early indication of major appliance failures and allow replacement in a non-critical situation.
13. All communication lines are to be fitted with CHSP surge protection.
14. All critical system and motor control circuits are to utilize CPS MAG suppressors located as close as possible to each component. AEGIS reflective wave trap cdv/d+ filters to protect motors.
15. All diagrams and equipment lists are from our preferred manufacturer. Load characteristics and ease of systems integration make this the best option for product procurement.
16. Schematic wiring diagrams compiled for Owner's Operations and Maintenance Manual.

Shelter Reviews:

Hardened Structures is a Professional management construction firm specializing in Underground Shelter Systems. If you have your own plans or ideas, our team of Engineers will confidentially review your plans for life/safety issues, structural, mechanical and electrical engineering compliance, blast engineering, radiation shielding, and biological air filtration. We can also provide: Feasibility Studies, Site Assessments, Risk Assessments, Security Assessments, Alternative Energy Designs, Cost Estimating, Critical Path Scheduling, Shelter Dynamics/Management Plans, long term sustainability requirements and On-site Construction Management.

Fallout-Tornado-Hurricane Shelter - Multi-use Underground Shelter System - Costs in USD $

Fallout-Tornado-Hurricane Shelter
Multi-use Underground Shelter System

The Hardened Structures "Multi-use Underground Shelter" is a structure that offers protection from Nuclear, Biological and Chemical disasters or emergencies such as hurricanes and tornadoes. As a rule of thumb, a Fall-Out Shelter vs a Bomb Shelter should be considered only if the installation location is greater than 50 miles (80 km) from a Nuclear detonation point. Hardened Structures Fall-Out Shelters are designed by certified structural engineers and meet or exceed F.E.M.A. (Federal Emergency Management Agency) guidelines.

• All Shelters are Approved by FEMA and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• All Shelters are designed by our team of independent, licensed and specially trained Structural Engineering firms
• Custom Designs for Community Centers, Fire Departments, Town/City Halls

Item	Description	Cost (USD)
Fall Out Shelter 7' (2.1m) x 8' (2.4m) x 30' (9.1m)	Metal shelter made with plate metal up to 7/16" (1.1 cm) thick and doors 1" (2.5 cm) thick. Blast door approximately 34" x 32" ( 86.5 cm x 81 cm) with heavy duty latches, hinges and lift cylinders to make the door easy to lift and lower. VA 40 Filtration System with hand crank and A.C. electrical function, includes ventilator, crank handle (in case of electrical failure), emergency light, cover and set of rubber hoses, chemical/biological gas filter, intake and exhaust blast valves, all mounted in shelter. This unit is rated for 12 people or less. Larger units are available. Ladder type steps going down into the shelter. The door base is 30" (76) tall. We can put shelters deeper underground if desired. Magnesium anodes for corrosion (rust) protection. Double exterior coatings for moisture protection. Appropriate inlets for electrical lines, cables, telephone lines, water lines, etc.	$39,330 As of 2014. Updated Pricing Upon Request.
Options:
Security Vault	Storage of valuables	$3,168
Vault Door	This door can be added at the end of the walkway. It has the hardened steel deadbolt lock	$2,244
Larger NBC Air Filtering System (standard NBC Air filter accommodates 12 people or less)	NBC Air Filtration to accommodate up to 25 people	Price on asking
Extra Capacity NBC Air Filtration	(to accommodate up to 50 people)	Price on asking
Fold Up Beds	These beds fold against the wall when they are not being used. When folded, the bed takes up approximately eight 8" (20 cm) of space against the side wall. We can install (1) bed in an 8' (2.5 meter) long shelter, and up to five (5) beds in a 20" (6 meter) long shelter	Bed Frame: $180 Bed frame with Mattress: $408
Sewage System Price is higher in a Fallout / shelter due to an extra blast valve installed to make this unit work safely	Installed sewage system with an electric motor and hand pump	$2,640
Enclosed Sewage System	Enclosed the sewage system unit with the wall and door	Price on asking
Emergency Escape Hatch	Installed an emergency escape hatch	$1,122
Jack In case debris falls on the door	Installed Jack	Price on asking
Weld Two (2) Shelters Together	To weld two shelters together underground	Price on asking
Shipping/Transportation	Cost varies depending on distance involved	*TBD
Installation	Cost varies depending on installation site conditions	*TBD
Special Client Requests	Many clients wish special options to be included with their purchase. Please review all special options/needs with a Hardened Structures representative	*TBD

Hardened Structures is proud to also offer economical and lower price shelters.

Installing a fallout shelter in North Alabama. Our Team had to use a rock buster to dig the hole.	A fallout shelter being installed in Tennessee. It was a 12' long walkway out with an above ground blast door. This ground will be built up and a carport will be built over the shelter.	This is another 8' tall 12' wide and 26' long fallout shelter that has a 4' long walkway with a 4000 lb walkthrough blast door. They are also building a concrete walkway from the basement out of the shelter entrance. The concrete walkway is about 30' long. It will be under this carport and the shelter is under the drive way.
7' tall, 8' wide and 30' long fallout shelter with a 12' way walkway and above ground blast door. This shelter is being installed on top of a mountain at Smith River California.	Installing the first half of the two shelters. Each half is 7' tall 8' wide and 25' long you can see the openings that will be between the shelters. One is 5' long and the other is 7' long.	Shelter is now installed.
This is the ladder type steps going down into a fallout shelter. This is standing on the ground and looking down into the shelter.	Digging the hole for a fallout shelter.	Our Team is finishing all the welding re-coating, installing vent pipes and covering the shelters with dirt.